Effect of relining methods on dimensional accuracy and stability of conventional complete dentures - a literature review

To review the literature in order to evaluate the effect of relining methods on dimension accuracy and stability of conventional complete denture. Review of literature. The literature search was mainly performed through internet. Abstracts and full text of articles published in journals indexed by index Medicus were searched Pubmed. A Google search was also performed to obtain material available at websites of different dental associations. The comparison was made among original research studies, cross sectional surveys, meta analysis, review articles and guidelines in context to the purpose of study. The laboratory reline method has relatively good dimensional stability and strength, but presents a major drawback i.e patient has to be without denture for a certain period of time, on the other hand chairside reline method seems to be convenient and easy and require short working time. Autopolymerising acrylic resins have the potential of causing chemical or thermal burns of the oral mucosa. Autopolymerising direct chairside relining materials have been used widely in clinical setting. The Direct chairside method is advisable as it presents the least gap at posterior palatal seal area. However chairside relines are technique sensitive and require experience

Comparison between extraoral and intraoral surgical procedures for the treatment of mandibular angle fractures using semirigid fixation or rigid fixation

The purpose of this study was to determine various post operative complications associated with two surgical procedures used for reduction of mandibular angle fractures. Experimental study. The study was conducted in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from February 2012 to February 2013. Thirty patients with mandibular fractures were divided in to two categories. Fifteen patients were treated by intra oral approach [Group A] and Fifteen by extra oral approach [Group B]. At different intervals of their post operative visits, these patients were evaluated for post operative complications of infection, nerve damage, keloid scar, facial cosmetic dissatisfaction, malocclusion and limitation in mouth opening. 23 male patients and 07 female patients were affected with mandibular fracture. Most common etiology was RTA in 66.6% case. Most common complication with intraoral approach was postoperative infection while facial dissatisfaction was most commonly noticed with extraoral approach. The intra oral approach with rigid fixation is our effective and superior technique as compare to the extra oral approach

Needle stick injuries among dental students, house officers and paradental staff working at Liaquat Medical University Hospital, Hyderabad

The objectives of the study were to find out the risks of needle stick injury and to identify who sustained such injuries and under what circumstances and what actions were taken to minimize the risks of needle stick injuries among dental students, house officers and para dental staff working at Liaquat Medical University Hospital. It was carried out from Aug 2011 to Sept 2012. Information was obtained through Questionare. Study design was descriptive. 513 students, house officers andparaden-tal staff participated in this study. House officers 23[4%] were male and 57 [11%] were female. Male students were 102 [20%] and female were 223[44%]. Among Paradental staff male were 92[18%] and female 16 [3%], and they suffered 79[10%] injuries. Self inflicted injuries were 455 [58%] and through other persons 315 [41%]. Department-wise injuries were Operativel 140 [18%], Prosthodontic 25[3%]. Orthodontic 28 [3%]. periodontology. 27[3%], Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 97[12%]. Through block anesthesia 428 [55%] and through infiltration needle 345 [44%]. Students were at high risk

Complications associated with different treatment modalities of mandibular fracture

The aim of this study was to compare the complications of various techniques used to treat mandible fractures. This clinical study was carried out on 150 patients of mandibular fracture at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital Jamshoro, Sindh from May 2004 to April 2006. Inclusion criteria were patients having single mandibular fracture, were medically fit for surgery, and had sufficient dentition were selected for maxillomandibular fixation. Patients with bone pathology, immnocompromised, comminuted and infected fracture were excluded. They were distributed in three groups and were treated with three standard techniques. Miniplates, MMF [maxillomandibular fixation] and Miniplates + MMF for 15 days. Age ranged from 12-60 years, mean age was 26.5 years. There were 135[90%] males and 15[100%] females. Most common site was parasymphysis [489%]. Post operative complications were recorded as infection, malocclusion, delayed union, nonunion, nerve damage and TMJ Dysfunction. 21 complications were encountered in 21 patients among all three groups. In MMF group number of complications were 11 [22%]. In Plating group were 8[16%]. In plating + MMF group were 2[4%]. The use of miniplate secured with four 2.0mm wide and 7.0mm long monocortical screws and maxillomandibular fixation for two weeks has proven to be the most effective treatment modality for mandible fracture

Wisdom tooth removal: are we following any guidelines in Pakistan

The surgical removal of third molar/ wisdom teeth remains the frequently performed surgical procedure at most Oral and Maxillofacial units. The objective of the study was to assess the level of understanding among general dental practitioners regarding third molar/wisdom tooth, its indication for removal and complication. Cross-Sectional study. This study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery LUM and HS, Jamshoro from February to April 2013. A self administered questionnaire comprising of 12 questions was distributed among the 50 general dental practitioners of Hyderabad city. The results of the study shows that level of understanding among general dental practitioners regarding wisdom tooth and its complication was not up to the level expected and majority thinks a guideline is necessary to remove the wisdom tooth. Our outcome and emphasis would be that PMDC should introduce a guideline and those dentist involved in surgical dentistry should be asked to attend short courses to improve their level of understanding regarding wisdom teeth removal and how to avoid its complications

Prevalence of bacteria and their sensitivity to various antibiotics in chronic suppurative otitis media

The purpose of this study was to find out the most common strains of bacteria encountered in chronic suppurative otitis media and their sensitivity to various antibiotics. Retrospective, analytic study. This study was conducted on out patients presenting to ENT department at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, Sindh-Pakistan from January 2011 to June 2011. This study was conducted jointly at ENT Unit II in collaboration with Oral and Maxillofacial surgery Department LUMHS with the help of microbiology laboratory of Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. The study was conducted for the period of 6 month A total of hundred samples of ear discharges were collected and analyzed for bacterial growth; and sensitivity towards various antibiotics were determined by using standard microbiological techniques using disc diffusion method. Among hundred patients, 59% were male and 41% females. Age of patients varied from 2 to 60 years. There were different species of bacteria isolated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa [46%] was the most frequent organism followed by staph aureus [27%] and proteus [27%]. The prevalence of gram negative bacterium was greater than gram positive. Among the antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin were found to be the most effective against these organisms. Early and precise diagnosis of infective disease of ear is decisive in order to administer the correct antibiotic therapy and avoid complications

Dry socket following extraction of permanent teeth. a study

To find out frequency and clinical presentation of dry Socket following extraction of permanent teeth among patients at Liaquat University hospital Hyderabad. Retrospective Study. This study was carried out at department of oral and maxillofacial surgery Liaquat university hospital Hyderabad from May 2012 to May 2013. Patients of both genders and all ages were included in the study. They were observed for the presence of dry socket. Patients with previous history of two or more days of extraction, pain, sensitivity on gentle probing of the extraction socket and empty / partially empty socket / halitosis were included in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version-17. A total of 1540 patients who underwent extraction of permanent teeth for various reasons were studied. There were 960 male patients and 580 female patients. Dry socket was found in 110 patients. 64 were male patients and 46 were female patients. Majority of patients were in 3[rd] decade of life. Mandibular first molar was affected in 42 patients followed by Mandibular 3[rd] molar in 29 patients. Pain and sensitivity on gentle probing was found in all patients, complete empty socket in 49 patients, partially empty socket in 61 patients and halitosis in 16 patients. Treatment of dry socket are inadequate and aimed at to soothing. Dry socket site should be irrigated with hot saline packing with a BIPP. Zinc oxide-eugenol paste can be relieving pain

Pattern, etiology and risk factors for tooth extraction in adult population of Larkana city

The purpose of this study was to determine pattern, causes and risk factors of dental extractions. Six hundred patients were included in this study. Retrospective study. This study was conducted at Bibi Aseefa Dental College Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana from January 2012 to January 2013. A detailed clinical and radiological examination was carried out to determine the reasons of tooth extraction which were classified into a] caries, b] periodontal disease, c] orthodontic, d] prosthodontic, e] trauma, f] others such as endodontic procedure failure and fracture root. The data were processed and analyzed statistically to determine association of risk factors for tooth extraction by using Statistical Package for Social sciences [SPSS version 17]. Among 600 patients 412 were male, 188 were female. Tooth types were assessed which revealed, molars [Both upper and lower] 73%, Premolars 21% and Anteriors 6%. Causes of tooth extraction were analyzed which shows, Caries 57%,Periodontitis 27.8%, Endodontic treatment failure 6.8% and traumatic tooth failure 3.3%.While analyzing the association of cause of tooth extraction and socio-economic group, it is evident by statistically significant value of p=0.0035 that lower socio-economic has higher incidence of tooth extraction. This study shows that carries and periodontal disease are the principal causes for tooth extraction in the population of Larkana, Sindh. The majority of patients had incomplete secondary education or lower and had even more teeth extracted than patients having higher levels of education

Management of mandibular fracture in paediatric patients at L.U.H Hyderabad

The study was conducted to analyze the different treatment options practiced in pediatric mandibular fracture patients at L.U.H Hyderabad. Maxillofacial fractures are infrequent in the pediatric population, and their treatment is unique due to the psychological, physiological, developmental and anatomical characteristics of children. Besides this it is difficult to examine child both clinically and radiographically. Retrospective Study This study was carried out in Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery L.U.H Hyderabad for a period of two years i.e. from June 2010 to June 2012. Gender distribution Total 180 patients, 118 patients [65.6%] were males and 62 patients [34.4%] were females. Most common site involved was parasymphysis, involved in 85 [47%], in other sites angle in 43 [23%], condyle 25 [13%]cases, symphysis 15 [8%], body 10 [5%] and ramus in 2[1%]. Most of the patients were treated with IMF with arch bar i.e 75 [41%]. Clearer understanding of paediatric pattern of mandibular fractures will help out health care providers as they plan and manage the treatment of mandible fractures in children. The most common site involved in these patients is mandibular parasymphysis. Clearer understanding of pediatric pattern of mandible fractures will help out oral maxillofacial surgeon as they plan and manage the treatment of mandible fractures in children

study of classification systems for maxillectomy defects

Maxillectomy is one of the most common procedures performed by oral and maxillofacial / head and neck surgeon. It is usually performed for ablation of maxillary tumors. Various classification systems exist in literature to describe the surgical defect, left behind after maxillectomy. There remains however confusion, in literature, regarding use of correct terminology and description of surgical defect. We performed a comprehensive literature search to identify all classification systems which have been described in the literature. We present a comprehensive review of these classification systems and also describe, based upon our own clinical experience, a simpler way of classifying and describing the Maxillary defects

Reasons of tooth extraction at L.U.M.H.S civil hospital Hyderabad Sindh

Most oral diseases lead to loss of tooth. Periodontal diseases and the tooth decay are the commonest causes of tooth extraction. Tooth loss restricted the social life and because of decreased masticatory functions it may exaggerate the chances of systemic problems so over all general health is also affected. His study designed to know reasons of tooth extraction in L.U.M.H.S civil hospital Hyderabad SINDH. Cross Sectional/ Descriptive Study. This study was conducted at O.P.D of oral surgery department L.U.M.H.S Civil Hospital Hyderabad. Duration of research was 6 months from April 2012 to September 2012. Data collected from hospital records included, gender of patient . Clinical and radiological features and patients chief complains about the tooth to be extracted was noted with the help of these. We determine and note the reasons of extraction. We also graded the patients of extraction according to their socio-economical status i.e. poor, middle and good. Both genders and all ages 10 to 70 year of patient those undergoes extraction were included in this study while patient not indicated for extraction were excluded from this studies. 569 patient, 333 were female patients and 236 were male patients. The female and male percentage is 58.5% and 41.5%. Caries tooth with peri-apical periodontitis 35.22%. Periodontitis was the second leading reason of tooth extraction as 28.5%. More reasons of tooth extraction was Socio-economical status 20.6%, endodontic failure 8.33%, trauma/fracture 3.15%, orthodontic 2.45% and others. Socio-economical status as Poor 49%, Middle 30% and Good 21%. Awarness of oral hygiene in society through electronic media and print media proper community based education to all over Pakistan begin to minimize teeth loss in our society

Public awareness assessment: regarding qualified and unqualified dental practitioners. what difference does it make in treatment outcome

An increasing number of unqualified dental practitioners in Pakistan are risking public, who say that so called doctors, are playing with patients heath and lives. Unqualified practitioners not only fail to provide relief to patients but also contributes to spread of diseases e.g. Hepatitis C because of the use of infected syringes and delay in reaching appropriate diagnosis with generating misconceptions in public regarding health issues. There is need to create public awareness about health risks incurred when people visits unqualified dental practitioners. Descriptive type of study survey. This study was conducted at Dental OPDs at LUMHS Jamshoro /Hyderabad and different private clinics at Jamshoro/Hyderabad during the months of October to December, 2012. We did assessment on the awareness level in people of Jamshoro/Hyderabad, regarding qualified and unqualified dental practitioner and what difference does it makes in treatment outcome. To a sample comprising of 3087 individuals, an assessment questionnaire comprising twelve items related to the objectives was developed and administered for survey. Data is analyzed using SPSS 17 application software. The questionnaire was responded by 3059 individuals. Response rate was 99.09%, among respondents 53% males and 47% females. Only 68.7% patients reported that they were aware of difference in qualified and unqualified dental practitioners, 56% individuals reported that they ask about qualification of dental of practitioner before treatment whether he is qualified or unqualified, 43% individuals reported that qualified dental practitioner's treatment is better outcome, 29% individuals reported treatment outcome more or less similar whether it qualified or unqualified, 24% individuals reported that unqualified dental practitioner's treatment is better outcome. 66% individuals reported that they like to visit unqualified dental practitioner because of socio-economic reasons, 23.6% individuals reported that they like to visit unqualified dental practitioner because they feel more comfortable, 10.4% individuals reported that they like to visit unqualified dental practitioner because of unavailability of qualified dental practitioners in their areas. Especial awareness campaigns should be launch to ensure that the masses refrain from going to unqualified dental practitioners. We can help out concerned authorities to play their role to curb the practices of unqualified dental practitioners

Comparison of analgesic effects of oral carbamezapine with pregablin in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia

Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, a form of neuropathic pain, caused by not well defined etiology, is a formidable therapeutic challenge to clinicians because it does not respond well to traditional drug therapies. Anticonvulsant drugs are regarded as useful treatment for neuropathic pain. Carbamazepine, the first anticonvulsant studied in clinical trials, probably alleviates pain by decreasing conductance in Na[+] channels and inhibiting ectopic discharges. Pregabalin has the most clearly demonstrated analgesic effect for the treatment of neuropathic pain. The role of anticonvulsant drugs in the treatment of Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia is evolving and has been clearly demonstrated with Pregabalin and carbamazepine. The aim of this study was to investigate comparison of analgesic effects of oral carbamezapine with pregablin in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Interventional study. Oral and Maxillofacial surgery department, LUMHS. Jan 2012 to DEC 2012 . 30 patients with well defined history and diagnostic clinical symptoms of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia were selected, divided into two groups of 15 individuals with similar gender and age difference. Clinical trial were conducted with group 1 with carbamazepine and group 2 with Pregabalin for 4 weeks. Subjective pain level of both groups was recorded before intervention [pre treatment recording] and after intervention [1[st], 2[nd], 3[rd] and 4[th]] on weekly basis by using 0-10 visual analogue scale [zero represent no pain 10 represent pain that could not be worse]. Following intervention, both groups were evaluated for pain score in 1[st] and 2[nd] week, there was no significant difference observed between the two groups. [P value 0.44 and 0.456], but after 3[rd] and 4[th] weeks it was observed that, there is significant difference, [p value 0.000 and 0.009] on visual analogue scale. It was observed that there was a significant difference between pretreatment and fourth week mean pain score in group 2, [8.9 and 1.07]. Similarly marginally significant difference with [r = .640] was seen in 1[st] week of group 2 receiving Pregablin, the mean value was [2.53, 1.60] respectively. Based on these results that are in line with the recommendations made by other studies, the 1[st] line medical therapy is Carbamazepine but this should be changed to other drug therapy if there is no pain relief or adverse effect

Level of awareness and knowledge among general dental surgeon regarding oral cancer

The study was conducted to assess the level of awareness and knowledge Among general dental surgeon regarding oral cancer. Cross sectional study. This study was conducted among general dental practitioners of Hyderabad city from January to February 2013. A self administered questionnaire comprising of 12 questions was distributed among the 50 general dental practitioners of Hyderabad city. The level of knowledge and awareness among general dental practitioners regarding oral cancer and its sign and symptoms was not up to the level expected. Our study Clearly shows that continuous medical education is needed at general practitioner level so early diagnosis and better prognosis of oral cancer could be made possible

Pattern of mandibular fractures reported at Liaquat university hospital Hyderabad

The study was conducted to analyze the frequency, gender distribution, age groups, mechanism of accident and site involvement of mandibular fractures reported at liaquat university hospital Hyderabad. Retrospective study. The study was conducted in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from March 2012 to March 2013. A data of 228 of patients who had been diagnosed with a mandibular fracture between March 2012 and March 2013 at the Liaquat University Hospital of Hyderabad, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department was retrospectively reviewed. Patients data including gender, age, mechanism of accident, fracture sites were analysed. 166 [72%] male patients and 62 [27%] female patients were reported with mandibular fracture. Most common age group was between 30-40 years. Most common mechanism of accident was RTA in 153 [67%]cases followed by fall from height 42 [18%] cases. Most common site involved was Parasymphysis in 112 [49%] cases followed by angle in 51 [22%] cases. The result of this study shows that road traffic accident is most common cause of mandibular fractures in this region

Analysis of maxillofacial fractures in patients treated at liaquat medical university hospital, hyderabad

The objective of the current study was to investigate the frequency, gender and site involvement and etiology of'maxillofacial fractures in patients seen at Liaquat Medical University, Hyderabad. Data of 520patients who were hospitalized for treatment of maxillo facial fractures over a one year time period from June 2010 up to may 2011 were collected. Study design was descriptive. Male to Female ratio was approximately 4:1. Road Traffic Accidents were found to be the most frequent 415 [79%] cause of maxillo facial fractures. Maxillofacial fracture in Male 402 [77.3%] and female 118 [22.9%] and mandible fractures 315 [60%] and midface fractures 205 [40%] were found. The differential sidewise distribution of fractures revealed that parasympasis fracture was the most frequent region 215[68%] in fractures involving mandible. Furthermore, analysis of the midface fractures indicated that zygoma fractures constituted the biggest group 130[63%] while orbit fractures [orbit's floor and walls] were in the second place 15 [7%]. Fracture maxilla 75 [36%] and Le fort II and III were the least common 10[4.8%] fracture of the midface. The relatively high incidence of injuries resulting from road traffic accidents indicates the necessity to support legislation aimed to prevent road traffic crashes and thus to reduce maxillofacial injuries among children and adults